By Geoffrey Miller*
Jacinda Ardern's ability to attract the attention of top world leaders is a measure of her international standing, Geoffrey Miller writes. Photo: AFP
Opinion - Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern intends to continue a more pro-Western foreign policy strategy, if her agenda from a hectic week of diplomacy is anything to go by.
She met with four G7 leaders - Liz Truss, Joe Biden, Justin Trudeau and Emmanuel Macron - in various settings while she was at the Queen's funeral in London and at the United Nations in New York.
Prime Minister @JacindaArdern and I have touched base on the phone, over video calls, at summits – and now on planes. As we traveled together from London, we reflected on Her Majesty The Queen’s devotion to service and the connection she had with Canadians and New Zealanders. pic.twitter.com/nC884wz4k4
— Justin Trudeau (@JustinTrudeau) September 20, 2022
While at the UN, Ardern also fitted in a meeting with Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal and also spoke with Olena Zelenska, the wife of Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky.
Ardern also met with the Chilean president, Gabriel Boric, and with the UN Secretary-General, António Guterres.
Jacinda Ardern with the Chilean president, Gabriel Boric in New York. Photo: Pool
There were also shorter, more fleeting meet-and-greet opportunities on the UN floor - such as with Iceland's Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir - and at a US-hosted reception for world leaders, where Ardern talked to Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif.
Ardern also addressed Pacific Islands Forum leaders at the launch of the 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent plan. And the expansion of a new US-led grouping, the Partners in the Blue Pacific, also took place while Ardern was in New York. The group previously also included Australia, Japan and New Zealand, but it has now been widened to also bring in Germany and Canada.
The PM's ability to attract the attention of top world leaders is well-known and is a measure of her international standing. It was certainly not a one-off: this was her third meeting this year with Biden. And it was her second with Trudeau and Macron, after she was an invited guest at the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) summit in Madrid in June.
Indeed, the common denominator for many of Ardern's interlocutors seemed to be their commitment to supporting the Western-led coalition that has emerged from Russia's war on Ukraine.
In a week in which Vladimir Putin mobilised 300,000 reservists and indirectly threatened to use nuclear weapons, it is probably no surprise that Ardern sought to show her solidarity through the company she kept.
The Prime Minister's speech to the UN General Assembly was also very much in keeping with this theme: Ardern called Russia's war 'illegal' and 'immoral', before highlighting New Zealand's opposition to nuclear weapons.
A notable omission from Ardern's speech was any mention of the word 'food', which stood out as a major theme in addresses from many countries in the Global South.
India's foreign minister, S Jaishankar, said that his country was "on the side of those struggling to make ends meet, even as they stare at the escalating costs of food, of fuel and fertilisers", while Philippines president Ferdinand Marcos called food "an existential imperative, and a moral one. It is the very basis of human security".
Indeed, a dedicated food security summit co-hosted by the US, European Union, African Union and Spain was held during UN leaders' week. Ardern did not appear to attend the event, which was held on the same day as a 'Christchurch Call' leaders' summit she co-hosted with Emmanuel Macron.
Food security did make it into the UN statement made by Australian foreign minister Penny Wong, however, who said the crisis amounted to a "growing scale of human suffering that threatens untold global instability".
Food security was on Penny Wong's mind at the UN. Photo: RNZ / Samuel Rillstone
Wong also seemed to meet with counterparts from a more diverse range of countries than Ardern did - the Australian foreign minister's agenda in New York included meetings with counterparts from India, Indonesia, China, Mexico and Turkey.
While many leaders choose to attend the UN personally, such as Ardern, it is also common for foreign ministers such as Wong to attend in their place. China and Russia were two other countries that dispatched their foreign ministers to New York.
A third strategy is to use both figures - an approach the UK pursued by sending both its new Prime Minister Liz Truss and foreign secretary James Cleverly. If New Zealand's aim had been to maximise meeting opportunities after the Covid-19 pandemic, this tactic might have been considered. But Ardern decided to keep Nanaia Mahuta back in Wellington, where she welcomed new heads of mission and faced questions over domestic issues.
Nau mai, hāere mai! Today I hosted seven new Ambassadors and High Commissioners for a mihi whakatau at Parliament. We value our diplomatic relations with each of their countries.
— Nanaia Mahuta (@NanaiaMahuta) September 23, 2022
Can you identify them by their flags? #manaakitanga #reconnectingtogether pic.twitter.com/wOABt3gK6q
Back in New York, a key difference between the Global North and Global South at the UN unfolded over the approach to the war in Ukraine. Western countries largely pointed fingers at Russia. Biden said: "it's Russia's war that is worsening food insecurity, and only Russia can end it", while Truss told her audience that "we will not rest until Ukraine prevails".
Joe Biden has been taking a tough stance over Russia's actions. Photo: AFP
By contrast, non-Western countries such as India, Turkey and Qatar were keener to contemplate the idea of a negotiated settlement simply to end the war.
The Turkish president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, pointed to his country's success in brokering the recent Black Sea grain export deal and called for a "reasonable, just and viable diplomatic solution" to the war that would "provide both sides the opportunity of an 'honourable exit"'.
Qatar's Emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, even called for an immediate ceasefire - a word rarely used in current discussions about the war in Ukraine.
For his part, the Indian foreign minister, S Jaishankar, argued his country was "on the side of peace" and wanted an "early resolution" to the conflict. He also noted that the global focus on Ukraine meant less attention was being paid to other crises in India's immediate neighbourhood, such as Afghanistan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
These calls may fall on deaf ears.
With both sides keen on maximising their positions, a resolution to the war in Ukraine appears further away than ever.
As Ardern inches New Zealand's foreign policy towards the West, it is understandable that she might want to spend more time with like-minded counterparts.
It is natural to stand alongside those who we agree with.
But as the UN General Assembly showed this year, it is worth remembering that there are many other points of view.
*Geoffrey Miller is the international analyst for the Democracy Project and writes on current New Zealand foreign policy and related geopolitical issues. He has lived in Germany and the Middle East and is a learner of Arabic and Russian.
